Zasady działania skruberów

 

Przegląd:

Zasady oddzielania cząstek w skruberach opierają się na przechodzeniu cząstek pyłu rozproszonych w nieoczyszczonym powietrzu do cieczy, w której są wiązane. Proces wiązania w cieczy zwiększa masę cząstek, które należy oddzielić. Należy najpierw stworzyć granicę fazową pomiędzy gazem, a cieczą – a następnie ruchy względne między tymi dwoma fazami.

Dwie metody rozpoczęcia procesu oddzielania:

  1. Dyspersja jednej fazy w drugą

    Dyspersja gazu w cieczy (drobne pęcherzyki gazu w cieczy) lub cieczy w gazie (para lub kropelki cieczy w gazie). Powstanie mieszaniny gazu i cieczy.

  2. Wykorzystanie zwilżonych, stałych podłoży

Transport aerozolu zawartego w nieoczyszczonym gazie do powierzchni cieczy.

Praca skrubera cyklonowego:

Skruber cyklonowy pobiera nieoczyszczony gaz, zawierający aerosole, w taki sposób, że gaz wypływa na powierzchnię cieczy. Mają miejsce następujące procesy:

  1. Powstanie mieszaniny aerosolowej na skutek zmian kierunku (siły bezwładności).
  2. Oderwanie ściany cieczy i dyspersja cieczy (energia gazu).

Korzyści:

Skrubery cechują się łatwym serwisowaniem. Nie ma w nich filtra do wymiany, a jedyna potrzebna praca to usunięcie osadu z dolnej części skrubera. Mechanizm usuwania osadu automatyzuje to zadanie. Konserwacja i serwisowanie urządzeń jest proste i szybkie.

  • Forces of inertia (predominating)
  • Forces of flow
  • Forces of pressure
  • Field forces
  • Diffusion forces.

Mode of operation of a cyclone scrubber:
The cyclone scrubber intakes the untreated gas containing aerosols in such a manner that the gas impinges on the surface of the scrubbing liquid. A curved constriction begins to form at the interfaces of the two phases.

 

The following processes then take place:

  1. An aerosol mixture forms as a result of the change in direction (owing to forces of inertia)
  2. The energy of the gas leads to an entrainment of wall liquid, with simultaneous liquid dispersion.

Basic conditions that must be observed:
Cyclone scrubbers must be operated with air volume flow that is practically constant. If the flow is not constant, the following will occur:

Reduction in the flow of untreated air produces unsatisfactory dispersion of the scrubbing fluid. If the volumetric flow of air increases, this will produce a reduction in the level of the scrubbing fluid on the upstream side (untreated-gas side), which in turn means that the cyclone zone will not be sufficiently flooded.

Droplet collectors are installed in the cyclone scrubber to enhance the separation of the droplets formed in this process. A cyclone zone with a spiral form will enhance the phase-transition process. The pressure difference among cyclone scrubbers is around 1500 … 3000 Pa: i.e., greater than in scrubbers with or without inserts. The separation efficiency, however, is greater. 
 

Additional advantages:
In addition to the separation of aerosols, the gas flowing through is moistened (conditioned) and cooled: whereby gaseous aerosols (e.g., oil vapour) condense out and can be separated.

An additional advantage of scrubbers is their ease of maintenance. There is no filter to replace, and the only work necessary is removal of the sludge from the bottom of the scrubbers. The use of sludge removers makes this work fully automatic.

Medium-pressure washers can be ideally combined with electrostatic and duct air filters, in order to achieve even more satisfactory results.

 
  • Forces of inertia (predominating)
  • Forces of flow
  • Forces of pressure
  • Field forces
  • Diffusion forces.

Mode of operation of a cyclone scrubber:
The cyclone scrubber intakes the untreated gas containing aerosols in such a manner that the gas impinges on the surface of the scrubbing liquid. A curved constriction begins to form at the interfaces of the two phases.

 

The following processes then take place:

  1. An aerosol mixture forms as a result of the change in direction (owing to forces of inertia)
  2. The energy of the gas leads to an entrainment of wall liquid, with simultaneous liquid dispersion.

Basic conditions that must be observed:
Cyclone scrubbers must be operated with air volume flow that is practically constant. If the flow is not constant, the following will occur:

Reduction in the flow of untreated air produces unsatisfactory dispersion of the scrubbing fluid. If the volumetric flow of air increases, this will produce a reduction in the level of the scrubbing fluid on the upstream side (untreated-gas side), which in turn means that the cyclone zone will not be sufficiently flooded.

Droplet collectors are installed in the cyclone scrubber to enhance the separation of the droplets formed in this process. A cyclone zone with a spiral form will enhance the phase-transition process. The pressure difference among cyclone scrubbers is around 1500 … 3000 Pa: i.e., greater than in scrubbers with or without inserts. The separation efficiency, however, is greater. 
 

Additional advantages:
In addition to the separation of aerosols, the gas flowing through is moistened (conditioned) and cooled: whereby gaseous aerosols (e.g., oil vapour) condense out and can be separated.

An additional advantage of scrubbers is their ease of maintenance. There is no filter to replace, and the only work necessary is removal of the sludge from the bottom of the scrubbers. The use of sludge removers makes this work fully automatic.

Medium-pressure washers can be ideally combined with electrostatic and duct air filters, in order to achieve even more satisfactory results.

 

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